Sejarah Boven Digoel
Pada masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda, Kabupaten Boven Digoel dikenal dengan sebutan Digul Atas, dan merupakan tempat pengasingan tokoh-tokoh pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia. Digul Atas terletak di tepi Sungai Digul Hilir.
Kamp Boven Digoel dipersiapkan dengan tergesa-gesa oleh Pemerintah Hindia Belanda untuk menampung tawanan Pemberontakan PKI tahun 1926. Selanjutnya Boven Digul digunakan sebagai tempat pembuangan pergerakan nasional dengan jumlah tawanan tercatat 1.308 orang. Di antara tokoh-tokoh pergerakan yang pernah dibuang ke sana antara lain Mohammad Hatta, Sutan Syahrir, Sayuti Melik, Marco Kartodikromo, Chalid Salim, Lie Eng Hok, Muchtar Lutfi, dan Ilyas Ya’kub.
Daerah seluas 10.000 hektar itu berawa-rawa, berhutan lebat, dan sama sekali terasing. Satu-satunya akses menuju kamp tersebut ialah menggunakan kapal motor melalui Sungai Digul. Di sepanjang tepian sungai berdiam berbagai suku yang masih primitif. Karena sarana kesehatan tidak ada, penyakit menular sering berjangkit, seperti penyakit malaria yang membawa banyak korban.
Tempat pembuangan tersebut terbagi atas beberapa bagian, yakni Tanah Merah, Gunung Arang (tempat penyimpanan batu bara), kawasan militer yang juga menjadi tempat petugas pemerintah, dan Tanah Tinggi. Sewaktu rombongan pertama datang, Digul sama sekali belum merupakan daerah permukiman. Rombongan pertama sebanyak 1.300 orang yang sebagian besar dari Banten, diberangkatkan pada Januari 1927. Pada akhir Maret 1927, menyusul ratusan orang lain dari Sumatera Barat. Mula-mula mereka ditempatkan di Tanah Merah. Dua tahun kemudian, melalui seleksi ketat, sebagian dipindahkan ke Tanah Tinggi.
Pada tahun-tahun pertama, ratusan orang meninggal karena kelaparan dan sakit. Penderitaan itu menyebabkan banyak orang buangan mencoba melarikan diri ke Australia. Mereka menggunakan perahu-perahu kecil buatan sendiri, tetapi sedikit saja yang berhasil. Sebagian terpaksa kembali, lainnya mati tenggelam.
Pada waktu Perang Pasifik meletus dan Jepang menduduki Indonesia, tawanan Boven Digoel diungsikan oleh Belanda ke Australia. Pemindahan itu didasari kekhawatiran tahanan akan memberontak jika tetap di Boven Digoel. Diharapkan orang-orang Indonesia yang dibawa ke Australia akan membantu Belanda. Ternyata tahanan politik itu mempengaruhi serikat buruh Australia untuk memboikot kapal-kapal Belanda yang mendarat di Benua Kanguru. Setelah sekutu berhasil memperoleh kemenangan, tawanan itu dikembalikan ke tempat asalnya di Indonesia.
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